ABSTRACT
Background: Even though rare, posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL)?bag complex dislocation is a serious complication following cataract surgery. Preoperative trauma or zonular weakness, capsule contraction syndrome, and surgical or postoperative trauma to the zonules have been proposed as the causative mechanism. Various risk factors have been described such as pseudoexfoliation (PXF), aging, high myopia, uveitis, trauma, previous vitreoretinal surgery, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes mellitus, and connective tissue disorders, among which PXF is the most common risk factor. The management of late IOL?bag complex dislocation poses a challenge even for an experienced surgeon. Purpose: To demonstrate the “stay back technique” of scleral fixation of decentered IOL?bag complex. Synopsis: We demonstrate three cases of scleral fixation of anteriorly dislocated IOL?bag complex. The first two cases are traumatic subluxation of IOL?bag complex and the third case is late decentration of both the haptics in a case of PXF. A scleral flap/groove is made along the area of haptic dislocation. Dislocated haptic is allowed to stay in the same position and one arm of 9?0 prolene suture is passed between the optic?haptic junction and docked in a 26?gauge needle passed beneath the scleral flap, 2 mm from the limbus. Haptic is then repositioned beneath the iris and the second arm of prolene suture is passed above the haptic. Sutures are pulled underneath the scleral flap and secured with 5 to 6 knots. Highlights: This is a simplified approach of scleral fixation of anteriorly dislocated IOL?bag complex. This novel technique gives better visualization of the optic?haptic junction during the passage of prolene suture
ABSTRACT
High temperature stress during grain filling period in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has pronounced effects on yield in major wheat growing agro-ecological zones. The fast chlorophyll fluorescence transients expose the damage to leaf photosynthetic activity under high temperatures. The method relies on the functioning of photosynthetic apparatus of plants under stress; however, these transients have been studied in detached leaves under controlled conditions. Still no reports are available on the potential usefulness of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics on intact wheat leaves for screening heat stress tolerant genotypes under field conditions. Hence, we conducted a study with the hypothesis that chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and kinetics of plant-attached leaves under field conditions can be useful for screening of heat tolerant genotypes. The experimental population for testing the hypothesis consisted of 20 diverse wheat genotypes grown under timely and late sown environments (terminal heat stress) for two years. The results showed influence of high temperature on the expression of parameters Fo, Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, and performance index. Analysis of the fast OJIP fluorescence transients indicated that the relative variable fluorescence between steps O and K and between steps O and J were related to high temperature stress tolerance. Five genotypes with consistent performance for better photosynthetic efficiency under thermal stress were observed. The inferences drawn from the present study supported our hypothesis that the analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters of plant attached leaves under field conditions can be used as a tool in the selection of wheat cultivars with better thermostability and functioning of photochemical reactions that could sustain photoassimilation and grain dry matter accumulation.